One of the most urgent problems of today'sRussia's economy - the rise of industries with knowledge-intensive industries in order to improve competitiveness. This requires access to advanced technologies and their introduction into work. This is the state innovation policy.
Theoretically, you can go in two ways: either acquiring the know-how of already well-known technologies of companies with a world-wide name, or drawing on their own scientific potential. The second is more promising, but here on the way are barriers, organizational and managerial, financial.
The innovative policy of the state was implementedfor many years only in the largest institutions through planning and budget financing, but there was no account of the laws and features of the innovation process.
In small business, the innovativebusiness. History shows the highest activity of innovations in this field from 1990 to 1995. But the created assets disintegrated, most of which did not last even a couple of years - the conditions were too unfavorable:
excessively high taxes;
- difficulties in renting premises;
- Expensive energy and raw materials.
Innovative enterprises could not hope forstate support. That is why we continue to observe a decline in activity in the two most important spheres that can lead Russia into the leaders in the world market: a decline in production and a decline in the sphere of scientific and technical. And this proves once again: state innovation policy should change.
I want to believe that, despite the fact that todaythe Russian market "suffices" almost any product (and even not always licensed), we will see in the next decade a powerful development of innovation activity and in particular - at the level of enterprises, both large and small. Innovative policies should be designed so that all enterprises, regardless of their size, have access to "fresh air": tax cuts, the possibility of introducing new, promising technologies. Having supported enterprises today, giving them a foothold and a firm footing, the country will put in its treasury a greater percentage of profits than it could "squeeze out" of enterprises trying to stay afloat.
With a weak stimulus for innovation (and this isToday the main feature of life is economic) the country will simply not be able to develop. And the keys to the exit lie in the great inventions of innovations (basic), the transition to the technology of the last generations. So far, innovation policy is visible only in the armed forces. But the evidence of Russia's military power has little effect on the living standards of its population.
Innovative policies can be divided into three main sectors.
At the top there will definitely be a fairly narrowsector breakthrough technologies, based on domestic inventions. Here it is possible to ensure priority and create high competitiveness in narrow segments of the world market. With large-scale and skillful implementation of priorities, you can achieve significant revenue.
The next sector is wider. There is an opportunity to rely on both their licenses and foreign ones. Organization of development on an equal footing. This will allow not only to establish production, but also to supply its products to a serious, competitive market. And you can not, again, keep silent about the conversion of military industry and science. Coded development today can be used in production and bring tremendous revenue.
Another sector, the most wide, where the countrythere is no scientific reserve, where there is too little innovative potential (or none at all). It is advisable to use the foreign potential taking into account the reduction of restrictions on the export of technologies (high). Cooperation can be very productive. No country is able today to master the whole spectrum of trends in modern science independently.
A selective innovation policy shouldrely on the development and implementation of programs that cover the technology chain in full and at the same time implemented in the following areas: providing innovators with all resources (including financing); the creation of engineering firms, marketing and consulting systems, commercial banks for investment, technology exchanges, the formation of market infrastructure, the creation of science cities, free economic zones and so on; development of operating mechanisms for all entities related to the innovation market, taking into account mutually beneficial cooperation.
