Norms of illumination help to designthe correct location of light sources, as well as their number depending on the power, shape, color temperature of the lamps, their functional purpose and even the ceiling heights of the room.
Developing the lighting system, the first thingit is necessary to consider whether the interior or exterior will be illuminated, whether only artificial light will be used, only natural light, or the lighting will be combined. The norms of illumination of residential premises, as well as the norms for enterprises, presuppose the obligatory availability of natural light sources. These sources can be upper, side or combined. The task is to calculate the shape and size of the window openings, which may slightly deviate from the requirements. The standards of illumination of production facilities prohibit uneven lighting, if it exceeds the standard of 3: 1. In such buildings, much attention is usually paid to the design of sun protection structures.
Artificial lighting is installed indoorsthen, when the natural is not enough to maintain the norm of illumination. Artificial lamps are divided into four groups, depending on the purpose. Allocate working, security, emergency, as well as evacuation lighting. Modern lighting standards suggest the design of an illuminating system using gas-discharge lamps, which include luminescent, sodium, metal halide, xenon and others. However, in some situations, the use of these lamps is not justified. Then the incandescent lamps are used to compose the system, but only if the gas-discharge light source can not really be used or its use is inexpedient.
According to the norms of illumination, emergencyIllumination is necessary in the event that the stopping of the working process at the enterprises is fraught with negative consequences. Evacuation lighting systems are designed to facilitate passage through hazardous areas or special ladders in an emergency exit situation.
Norms of illumination emphasize that for residentialOptimal room will be combined illumination. Only with its help it is possible to carry out a logical plan of housing, rationally design a three-dimensional composition of the interior.
When planning the location of window openings forcreation of natural lighting is an important factor and the geographical location of the building, as the light climate of the district is taken into account. And for artificial lighting, the color-transmitting index of the luminaires, which is the ratio of the colors of objects when they are illuminated by a particular source, is of no small importance. By all standards, the best indicator is the color rendering index, equal to 100, as for traditional incandescent lamps. Lighting systems also depend on the source pulsation factor, which can have an effect on a person, despite the fact that these flicker can not be detected by eye.
