In the seventies of the XVIII century in the Russianliterature begins to change. They relate specifically to poetry in such a way that they destroy the canonized forms. Little by little Lomonosov, Maikov, Kheraskov started it, but Derzhavin as a rebel came to the world of genres.
Felicitas in Latin means "happiness." But this is not enough. Derzhavin read a fairy tale that Catherine II wrote for her grandson, Alexander, on behalf of the princess Felitsa Prince Chlora, who will later be seen in the text as an acting hero.
The first ten verses tell howthe princess, like the gods, showed the way to the captive Tsarevich Chlora - the way to the place where a rose without thorns grows. He needed this rose to free himself from slavery. And the rose grows on a high mountain where the abode of virtue is. This tale of the prince and daughter of Khan Felice composed, as already said, the Empress herself. So that ode "Felitsa", the summary of which includesretelling the work of Catherine II, could not help but flatter the empress. The second ten verses ask Felitsa to help them learn how to live properly, because the author himself is weak and can not cope with everyday passions.
In the next ten verses Derzhavin createsan ideal image of the heroine, describing her behavior and habits: a love for walking, simple food, reading and writing, a measured daily routine. Her contemporaries were not all that different. A portrait description is missing (meaning the "Felitsa" ode). Derzhavin, a summary of this shows, emphasizes the democratism of the monarchy, unpretentiousness, affability.
Such a novelty introduces the poet into an ode, at that timeas previously such liberties in this genre were not allowed. He opposes the virtuous Felic to her entourage. The poet writes in the first person, but he is referring to Prince Potemkin, who leads a rambling life at the court and, while fighting, presents himself as a sovereign ruler, like the sultan. Going to war, and he fought a lot and, as a rule, successfully, spends his days at feasts, where gourmet food, which is not considered, is served on gold dishes. Or riding in a golden coach accompanied by friends, dogs, beauties.
Do not forget the author and AG Orlova (ode "Felitsa"). Derzhavin (a summary we are considering) tells of his love for horse racing. The Orlovs at horse plants bred thoroughbred trotters. On his remarkable horses, the Count arranged for jumps. Derzhavin also remembers the hobby of Orlovs' favorites with dances and fisticuffs. In this they amused their spirit.
The poet is ironic and above himself, as if rankingthemselves to a narrow circle of the elect. In such an ironic way, nobody dared to write. Ode "Felitsa" (Derzhavin), the summary of which is transmitted here, has become an innovative work. When Derzhavin was reproached for ridicule, which today seem rather harmless, the poet pointed to a place where he describes his shortcomings, for example, to drive pigeons on a pigeon or simply play cards in a fool. People, according to the poet, and rightly so, are not inclined to engage in serious business all the time. It is important only not to run after empty dreams, not to lead a luxurious and lazy life and not grumble when they demand money for state affairs. And this was famous for Potemkin and Prince Vyazemsky, whom Catherine II described in her fairy tale about Tsarevich Chlora under the names of Lentag and Bryuzga.
But the poet has no condemnation of the empress, whosurrounded by people with human weaknesses. After all, their talents stand at the service of the prosperity of the great empire. This shows the analysis of Derzhavin's poem "Felitsa". AT portraits of the courtiersliterary anecdote. In those days, a joke understood the real story about a real person, but artistically crafted, which has an instructive or satirical sound. Indeed, the memory of the descendants remained a reveler, a duelist and an indefatigable ladies' man, Catherine II's favorite Alexei Orlov, a cautious Panin, a sybarite, but also a warrior-winner Potemkin. Describes the gradual departure from the stage of Freemasons, which began in the days of Catherine II under the influence of the bloody revolution in France. Masons are mentioned at the very beginning of the ode. But on the whole Derzhavin's irony was not of a pathos, of an accusatory nature, it was soft, rather, joking.
Through the fairy tale about the clever Felice, which helpsTsarevich Chlor, Derzhavin creates the image of an ideal ruler. Where an ordinary person, Derzhavin says, gets lost, follows the passions, one princess can illuminate everything with her wisdom. He hints at the creation of provinces in the state, which led to the administration of it in a greater order. He appreciates in Catherine II that she does not humiliate people, does not oppress or destroy, like a wolf, and through her fingers looks at their weaknesses. Catherine II - the anointed of God, but not God, and accordingly behaves. People are more indebted to God than to the king. So says the analysis of Derzhavin's poem "Felitsa". The Empress follows this rule, for she is an enlightened monarchy.
Many stanzas are devoted to this, but mostthe main thing is that she refused the titles "Wisdom", "Great", "Motherland", which she presented the senators. Yes, modesty was false, but it looked beautiful. When you carefully read not only the ode, but also the comments to it, such conclusions imply the analysis of the ode "Felitsa" Derzhavin G.R.
In the first part of the ode the image of a monarchy with simplehabits of an ordinary person very much impresses the poet. Then Derzhavin praises her as a wise statesman. It is the image of an enlightened sovereign in comparison with the tsars who ruled before her, often profoundly ignorant and cruel. In the third and final part, an image of a philosopher highly hovering over his subjects is created, which deeply reflects on the destinies of the state and the people.
Having built from the beginning to the end the ode "Felitsa" oneastern fairy tale, written by the monarchy itself, Derzhavin gave it an oriental flavor. In it there are Lentag, Bruzga, Murza, Khan, khan's daughter, a godlike princess. This creates a special "smack", unusual for Russian prose or poetry. In addition, making the object of poetry a monarchy, the poet wrote an ode as a praise and at the same time as a satirical work. This ensures the originality of Gabriel Derzhavin's ode "Felitsa". He was one of the first poets to begin to discover in the literature new treasures of the living word, one of those whose creativity does not fit into the framework of the theory of the three styles.
