Development of specific features of folk costumeis mainly influenced by climatic, socio-historical factors and national mentality. Also, a significant role in the formation of this or that stylistic image of folk costume is played by the neighborhood and mutual relations with other ethnic groups and their cultural and everyday life features. In any case, national clothing is a synthesis of folk art. Draw a folk costume in stages will be a good way to remember its main features. After all, clothing is the face of an ethnos, a mirror reflecting its way of life and beliefs.
In modern society, with increasing interest intheir culture, people are eager to learn what Russian folk costumes are, how to draw them. To fully satisfy your interest, you need to master some theory of the origin of clothing. For example, you can consider the female or male Russian folk costume, draw it in stages watercolor, thereby fixing the presented image on paper.
The history of the Russian costume numbers manycentury. The statistical practically unchanged conditions of peasant life, the climatic and natural environments of life, the religious environment and popular beliefs have shaped the style of clothing most adapted to hard work.
Many artists are wondering howto draw a Russian folk costume. For this you need to know its specific features. First, such features are lightness, functionality, ease of dressing. For each type of activity there is its own clothing - from a tart and a Cossack to a long-haired sheepskin coat and an Armenian. The very activity of daily activities set its own limits for dressing and sewing clothes-a wide wedge was inserted in the pockets, and diamond-shaped gussets in the underarms of the shirt. The clothes had a wide odor and were without buttons - it was tied with a sash, and any member of the family could at any moment put on a shirt a zip and a pantaloon or a sheepskin coat.
The design of the sarafan, shirts, ponovy, armeni and zipun almost did not require the use of scissors, and the surplus material was extremely unimportant.
So how to draw a Russian folk costume, guided by knowledge of its model range?
Russian folk costume differed by sex, age and territorial affiliation. You need to know this in order to imagine how Russian folk costumes look like, how to draw them.
Children's clothing repeated the cut and decoration of the adult, but was sewn smaller and from cheaper fabrics. In summer, children wore long-necked shirts, tied with belts.
To draw a Russian folk costume for men,It is useful to know that men's clothing was of the same type. Its complex included a shirt, belt, ports, upper and lower caftan, bast shoes or boots and a headdress.
To draw a Russian folk costumestep by step, it must be remembered that the costume among different strata of the population differed not only in the number of parts, but also in the variety of materials, having the same cut of the individual components of its parts.
Thus, a large number of draperies and foldscreates an additional volume of clothing, giving it the illusion of multilayeredness. Therefore, the artist should avoid compositional congestion of the silhouette, and if this congestion still has a place in the cut of clothing, then it is necessary to minimize the number of folds.
Fabrics were always stained with vegetable paints- the predominance of red color is due to the presence of weed litter as a dye in each village, while green dyes were imported exclusively from China. It is important to voice it in order to show how to draw a Russian folk costume.
Before the Russian folk costume is drawn step by step, it is necessary to determine the angle of the transmitted image and its technical and stylistic qualities.
For more open "panoramic" clothingit is recommended to depict it in a "three quarters" turn, for the construction of which the suit will be rotated along the "y" axis of the ternary coordinate system, that is, 95 degrees relative to the observer. This view allows you to simultaneously display the object in both full face and profile. You can copy Russian folk costume (photo), it's pretty simple to draw.
From this perspective, as presented below, the reliefs and embellishments of such female headdresses as a kichka or kokoshnik will be clearly visible.
So, the midline of the body of the dummy will lieon the "y" axis: it is also worth depicting shoes - in women it is represented by low-heeled shoes, boots or bast shoes, men have boots or bast shoes.
Three lines are drawn at random:shoulder, chest and pelvic girdle. Then on the belts of the limb are built two ovals - respectively, male and female anatomy. To draw a Russian folk costume in stages, it is necessary to supplement the female mannequin with one more line - at the level of the median line of the chest - it will denote the angle of the female breast. Then all the belts of the limbs and the shoulder line are joined by the contour of the body curved at an arbitrary waist.
Asked how to draw a Russian folk costume step by step, one should remember that out of the huge variety of women's clothing, two can be distinguished: South Russian and Northern Russian.
Therefore, in order to Russian folk costumeto draw in stages, first select a territorial model of the costume: for South Russian - embroidered shirt, apron, belt, checkered poneva, shortened shoulder shirt, headdress "forty"; for the North Russian - a shirt, a long sarafan, a belt, a january, a kokoshnik.
For decorating clothes from ancient times by Russiansembroidery and patterned weaving were used. To patterned weaving refers to a three-dimensional pattern with a convex (mostly red) ornament, located in stripes across the fabric.
When using the technique of patterned sewing is veryit is difficult to convey the round outline of the picture, so the motifs of the ornament are geometric and straight, and the motif of the circle in sewing was transmitted with the help of rhombuses or squares placed on the corner. On the combined festive clothing, an ornament was executed in the form of sewing, embroidery, sewn ribbons, small appliqués, placed along the shoulder seams, seams of the background and the like, thus marking the constructive and functional elements. Ornament was used only small, geometric, less often vegetative. On the innersuit, the ornament performed primarily a protective function, built on folk superstitions, and covered the gates, cuffs of sleeves and the hem of the shirt.
On both mannequins, a shirt is drawn in the shoulder areawith long sleeves dropping down, whose cuffs or the sleeves themselves are covered with a girdle of red and white stripes. A similar pattern should cover the collar of the shirt - in women it is round or finely assembled, in men oblique.
At the level of the woman's chest, a bodice is drawnsarafan, the straps of which, trimmed with yellow or red ornament, are drawn to the shoulders. The bodice of the sarafan bends around the rounded female breast, descends to the very bottom with two lines. The hem of the sarafan can be covered with horizontal or vertical patterns.
The male shirt continues to the level of the waist, where it is intercepted by the circumference of the girdle, and then the rifle is drawn. Its lower edge is also covered with ornament.
Below the line of the pelvic girdle, the pants of the ports are drawn, reaching up to the ankle levels.
Shirt is white, sarafan is often red, less often - green or blue; ornament - red, green or yellow, rarely blue. Ports of men were sewn from gray or dark brown cloth.
To the female sarafan the kokoshnik will perfectly suit,painted in the form of a crescent moon, decorated with arbitrary scallops and lines, a round or rectangular colored pattern. Patterns should always be shallow and placed along the hemline of the dress or shirt.
To fully Russian national costumeTo draw a pencil, it is required to impose an easy shading of shadows. It will run along the edge of the shirt along the sleeves, a single spot from the line of the chest to the middle of the pelvic girdle. It is recommended to put several folds along the sleeves and vertical planes - there will be a curving pattern and a shadow will be applied.
A picture-cell should be put on a already tinted plane with a hard pencil. In the planes close to the viewer, the pattern is highlighted by strokes of increased softness.
The color saturation of the paint on the brush is necessaryTo check on a plane of a white palette before each smear. First, the necessary color strip is poured, then a second tone is added to emphasize the perspective accents and the color saturation of the image.
Most of them are Russian folk clothesThey were made of brilliant smooth fabrics, which acquire bright glare on the sun. Therefore, it is recommended not to touch in advance the color of the surface, which is released in the sun, and the tone for them is made with a brush from the paint by repeatedly washing it.
