The Old Believer Church is a purely Russian phenomenon,It was a result of the split in the Orthodox Church that occurred in the second half of the 17th century. It can serve as a visual aid to reasoning on the topic "Personality and History", when, with the will of one ambitious person, now he would be called a "Westerner", bloody strife is being introduced into the faith of the country for centuries. After many years it was acknowledged that there was no special progressive component, as well as needs, in the reforms of Nikon, and much damage was done.
Cause of occurrence
The Old Believer Church itself, everything connected with theit refers to the tragic, "black" pages of Russian history. It is difficult for a modern person to understand why, because of some changes in the rites, villages were burned, people were starved and martyred. Orthodox killed each other with particular cruelty. Until Nikon became a patriarch, he was, rather, pretending to be like-minded members of the "Circle of Zealots of Piety," headed by the tsar's confessor Stefan Vonifatyev. In this organization, the ideas of the originality of Russian Orthodoxy were preached. It included Avvakum Petrov and Ivan Neronov, whom Nikon later exiled to exile, where they received martyrdom.
Convinced of his righteousness
As a result of the reforms initially adoptedthe new patriarch in one-on-one order, the society split into two parts, one of which gave Nikon active opposition (for example, the Solovetsky monastery was besieged by the army for 8 years). This rejection of the patriarch did not stop, he legitimized his reforms by convening the Moscow Cathedral of 1954, which approved and approved them. The disagreement was shown by a single bishop, Pavel Koloyensky. The Old Believer church (one of the names of opponents of reforms) was outlawed. Nikon went further - he turned for help to the Patriarch of Constantinople, from whom in 1655 he also received approval. Despite all persecutions, resistance in society was growing, and already in 1685, at the state level, princess Sophia issued decrees that placed the Old Believers outside the law. Bloody persecution began, which continued in the reign of Nicholas I.
Clever King the Liberator
And only under Alexander II, severe oppressionhave ceased. Thanks to the "Rules" published by the tsar, the Old Believer church was legalized. Her followers were given the opportunity not only to send services, but also to open schools, go abroad and hold high public office. But only in 1971 the official church of Russia recognized the wrongfulness of the Councils of 1656 and 1667, on which the Old Believers indulged in anathema. The main idea, guided by Nikon, is to make the Russian church responsive to the spirit of the times, that is, to bring it into full correspondence with the Greek. He thought that, thus, Russia would be more organic in the developed countries of Europe. Such people have always been in Russia. They have inflicted and are doing much harm to our Motherland, drawing in its Western world.
Devotees of faith
As a result of centuries of persecution, the Russianthe Old Believer Church territorially settled in the European north of Russia, where even now its influence is quite significant. In our country there are up to 2 million Old Believers. This is a very impressive number, exceeding the representatives of some other faiths inhabiting Russia. The fact that tolerance is necessary in matters of faith is the truth. In the faith of the representatives of this religious trend, the essence is not maniacal commitment to rituals, but that the Orthodox Old Believer Church considers itself the only true continuer of the Russian church that existed before the introduction of the "Nikonov novelty". Therefore, its supporters for centuries, despite terrible persecutions, defended their faith, thanks to which such priceless elements of the ancient Russian culture as utensils, old manuscripts, icons, rituals, singing, spiritual verses and speech tradition have been preserved and come to our days. A whole layer of Russian culture.
The Age of Relaxation
In both capitals of Russia after indulgencesreligious institutions of the Old Believers were opened. It should be noted that the movement itself has many varieties - popovtsy and bespopovtsy, which in turn are further subdivided into some species. However, the cherished dream of the majority of the Old Believers was the desire to have their own bishop. It became possible only after 1846, from the moment of ordination for the Old Believers by the Greek Metropolitan Ambrose of the bishops. It all happened in White Krynica. By the name of the settlement the emerged Belokrinitskaya hierarchy is named, which is the modern Russian Orthodox Old Believer church.
The main temple
In Russia, the main temple of thisdenomination (type of religion or religious organization) is the Intercession Cathedral (Rogozhsky Pereulok, 29). This is the main Old Believer church in Moscow. The history of its origin dates back to the time of the plague epidemic (1771), when cemeteries were taken out of the city limits. The Old Believers' cemetery was formed behind the Kamer-Kollezhsky Wall, later the settlement arose, and in 20 years a rather rich community, in need of its own church, commissioned the project of the building to Matvey Kazakov himself.
The Old Believers swung wide, but as a resultopposing actions of Metropolitan Gabriel instead of the huge five-domed church it was allowed to erect a single-domed temple, the height of the building also decreased. But the Russian Old Believer Orthodox Church only in 1905, in April received its church, as in 1856, by the denunciation of Metropolitan Filaret, the doors of the church in the Rogozhsky cemetery were sealed. The opening of the church in 1905 is celebrated by the Old Believers as a special holiday.
New Times
In Russia there are a lot of cult buildings of thisdenomination. So, only in the Moscow region there are up to 40 of them, as much in the capital itself. The Russian Old Believer Orthodox Church has its prayer houses and chapels in almost all districts of Moscow. Their lists are widely available. The current Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, Cornelius very subtly builds up his relations with both the official church and the authorities, as a result of which he met with the President of the country. V.V. Putin. The main Old Believer church in Moscow, the Intercession Cathedral, is the cathedral and the residence of Patriarch Cornelius. Another name for this church is the summer temple in the name of the Protection of the Holy Virgin. Very many churches and cathedrals of the Old Believers are named in honor of the Protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary, because she is considered their main patron saint and patroness. The temple project envisaged dimensions exceeding the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin. By order of Catherine II, they were changed. The Rogozhsky Old Believer Church is located in the historical district of Moscow with the same name, known as the
The town of Rogozhskaya Sloboda, which originated on the leftbank of the Yauza River, near the village of Androkhin in the 16th century. The first temple of wood originated here in the XVII century, and in 1776 it was the merchants-Old Believers who erected here their first church in Moscow (Nicholas the Miracle-Worker), and then the Kazan Pokrovsky temple was built.
Church of the Old Believers in St. Petersburg
Has its own religious buildingsand Petersburg. The Old Believers' Church of the oldest in the northern capital of the Ligovsky community is located on Transport Lane. The temple, built according to the special design of the architect P. P. Pavlov, was erected in just two years, but open to the parishioners immediately after the revolution, he immediately closed. Revived and registered by the Ministry of Justice in 2004, the Ligovskaya Old Believer community received its church back in 2005. In addition to it, there are seven other religious institutions in St. Petersburg, the Orthodox Orthodox Church of Christ.
