The oil issue has always been considered the most important for the economy of any country.
Its history refineries in Russiabegan in 1745, from the very day when the first enterprise was founded on the river Ukhta by the Chumelov brothers. At the heart of its products lay an ordinary, but very relevant in those days kerosene, as well as other lubricating oils.
Today, the oil industryRussia is considered one of the most successful. The number of enterprises, both small and large, is constantly growing, due to the constantly growing income from the processing of "black gold". This branch is best developed in the Central region of the country, as well as in the Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions.
The refineries of Russia produce, inmainly petrol, kerosene, diesel, rocket, aviation fuel, fuel oil, motor oils, bitumen, petroleum coke, etc. The vast majority of them are created next to oil rigs, which allows companies to not spend additional funds for the supply of raw materials. After processing, the finished product is sent to the final consumer.
The main task that is carried outThe refineries of Russia are deep processing of oil. Their production cycle, as a rule, consists of the process of preparation of raw materials, the primary distillation of oil and the secondary processing of fractions, which includes catalytic cracking, reforming, coking, hydrotreating and mixing of the components of the finished petroleum product.
The largest oil refineries inRussia is located in the Central, Siberian and Volga federal districts, accounting for more than seventy percent of all the country's capacities. These are the Gazprom Neft-Omsk Refinery, as well as Angarsk, Antipinsky (Tyumen), Afipsky (Krasnodar Territory), Krasnoleninsky (Khanty-Mansiysk), Ufa (Bashkiria), etc. On the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the leader in primary oil refining is Bashkiria.
Oil refineries in Russia in the majorityappeared in our country after the war: for the period up to 1965, 16 capacities were built, which is more than half of the existing ones for today. However, during the period of economic reforms in the 1990s, there was a significant decline in production in this industry. It is not difficult to explain this: at that time internal consumption of oil fell sharply, which led to a low quality of the product, and hence a low depth conversion factor, which dropped to 67.4 percent. And only in 1999 the Omsk refinery was able to approach the standards of the USA and Europe.
Only in recent years in this issue is noticeablean encouraging trend, a sign of which was a significant investment in oil refining, which, starting in 2006, exceeded 40 billion rubles.
The coefficient of processing depth has grown, because inIn 2010, V. Putin forbade his decree to connect to the mains those new refineries in Russia, where it did not reach 70%, considering that such enterprises need serious modernization. The number of such mini-refineries today in Russia reaches two hundred and fifty.
And by the end of this year 2012 is plannedto build the largest oil refining complex in Russia, located at the very end of the pipeline passing through Eastern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean, where the processing depth of the product will be about 93 percent, which will correspond to the level achieved at the same US enterprises.
Консолидированная в большей части The oil refining industry in our country is controlled by ten major companies, such as Rosneft, Lukoil, Bashneft, Surgutneftegaz, TNK-BP, Gazprom, etc.
