Biography Krylova IA began in a noisy and fussy Moscow, where the future writer fabulist was born on February 2 (13), 1769.
Parents of Ivan Andreyevich were forced oftento move from one place to another. In the midst of a peasant uprising led by Emelian Pugachev, Krylov and his mother were in Orenburg, and the father of the future writer was the captain in the Yaitsk town itself. The name of Andrei Krylov was even mentioned in the Pugachev list for hanging, but fortunately for the family, it did not come to this. However, after a while Andrei Krylov dies, and the family remains practically without money. Ivan's mother is forced to earn extra money in the homes of wealthy people. Krylov himself began to work at a very early age - from the age of nine. He was allowed to rewrite business papers for a small salary.
Next, the boy was educated in the house of NA. Lvov, the famous writer. Ivan studied with the children of the host, met with artists and writers who often came to visit Lvov, listened to their conversations.
Because of some fragmentary educationlater the writer encountered many difficulties. However, over time, he managed to learn how to write correctly, significantly expand his horizons and even master Italian.
A new stage began in the life of the future fabulist withthe moment the family moved to St. Petersburg. Biography Krylova IA in this period is particularly interesting, because it was at this time, his first steps on the literary path. In the northern capital, the mother of the fabulist went to solve the pension problem, but her efforts were not crowned with success.
Even after the death of the mother, Ivan's passions remain the same. Although now the future fabulist is more difficult: he must watch for his younger brother, who remained in his care.
Biography Krylova IA in the 80-ies. is a constant cooperation with the theater world. During this period, a libretto for the operas "Kofejnitsa", "Mad family", "Cleopatra", and also a comedy entitled "Writer in the hallway" come out from under his hand. Of course, they did not bring fame or huge fees. But they allowed Krylov to join the circle of communication between the writers of Petersburg.
A young man takes under his protectiona popular playwright Knyazhin and seeks to help Krylov more successfully promote their works. However, Ivan Andreevich himself not only refuses this help, but also ceases any relations with Knyazhin, after which he writes the comedy "Pranksters", in which he makes fun of the playwright himself and his wife. It is not at all strange that the comedy itself was banned from staging, and the author spoiled relations with writers and the theater directorate, thanks to which the compositions were staged on stage.
At the end of the decade, Krylov expressed a desiretry your hand at journalism. In the magazine "Morning hours" in 1788 his songs are published, however they too remain unnoticed. After that, Ivan Andreevich decides to publish his journal ("The Post of Spirits"), which goes on for eight months in 1789. The "Spirit Mail" takes the form of correspondence between fairy-tale characters - the dwarves and the wizard. In it the author presents a caricature depiction of the society of that time. However, soon the magazine closes censorship, explaining this by the fact that the publication had only 80 subscribers.
Since 1790 Krylov resigns, after which he devotes himself entirely to literary activity. At this time, the biography of Krylov IA is closely intertwined with the life paths of the author's friends - A. Klushin, P. Plavilschikov and I. Dmitriev. Ivan Andreevich runs the printing house and, along with his friends, begins to publish the magazine "Spectator" (later - "St. Petersburg Mercury"). In 1793 the magazine was finally closed, and Krylov left the capital for several years.
Until 1797 Krylov lives in Moscow, and then begins to travel around the country, stopping at the houses and estates of his friends. The fabulist was constantly looking for sources of income, and for some time he found what he wanted in card games. By the way, Krylov was known as a very lucky player, on the verge of cheating.
Prince Sergei Fedorovich Golitsyn, having met withIvan Andreevich, suggested that he become his home teacher and personal secretary. Krylov lives in the estate of the prince in the territory of the Kiev province and engages in literature and languages with the sons of an aristocrat. Immediately he writes plays for staging in the home theater, and also masteres the skill of playing various musical instruments.
In 1801 Alexander I ascended to the throne, who had great confidence in Golitsyn and appointed him Governor-General of Livonia. Krylov, in turn, is given the place of the ruler of the chancery. Until 1803 the fabulist worked in Riga, and then moved to his brother in Serpukhov.
Creativity and biography of Krylov become specialinteresting, since this time. After all, during this period for the first time Krylov's play ("Pie") conquers the hearts of the audience and brings the author a long-awaited success. He decides to continue his literary career and returns to St. Petersburg.
In 1805 Ivan Andreevich demonstrates I. Dmitriev, a talented poet, his first translations of fables. It becomes clear that the writer has found his true vocation. But Krylov, however, publishes only three fables and again returns to drama. The next few years were particularly fruitful in this regard. Krylova is known and loved by connoisseurs of theatrical art, and the play "Fashion store" was shown even at court.
However, Krylov himself is increasingly moving away from the theaterand is keen on translating and composing his own fables. In 1809, his first collection appeared on the shelves. Gradually, the number of works is growing, new collections are being issued, and by 1830 8 volumes of Krylov fables have already been typed.
In 1811 Ivan Andreevich became a member of the Russian Academy, and twelve years later received from her a gold medal for achievements in literature. In 1841, Krylov was appointed Academician of the Department of Russian Language and Literature. Since 1812, the writer has been acting as librarian in the Imperial Public Library. Also, Krylov receives a pension for his merits in Russian literature, and after the eight-volume issue, Nicholas I increases his pension twice and appoints a writer as a state counselor.
In the winter of 1838 St. Petersburg with respect and solemnity supported the celebration of the artist's fifty-year creative anniversary. By this time, Krylov had already been placed on a par with the classics of Russian literature - Pushkin, Derzhavin, Griboyedov. The latest fables of Ivan Andreevich were translated into more than 50 languages.
In 1841 Krylov retires and settles on Vasilievsky Island to live in peace, in his own pleasure. The writer was always eager to eat and lie on the couch, because of which some called him a glutton and lazy.
However, until the last days Krylov worked on a new collection of works. He died on 9 (21) November 1844 in St. Petersburg from bilateral inflammation of the lungs.
One day he walked along the Fontanka embankment. Seeing the massive figure of an unfamiliar old man, resting students began to laugh, they say, "the cloud is coming." Passing by them, Krylov calmly replied: "... And the frogs zavkakali."
Another interesting incident occurred with IvanAndreevich in the theater. His neighbor was very noisy: stomping his feet in time with the music, even singing along. Quite loudly Krylov said: "Disgrace!" The writer's neighbor insultedly asked if it was towards him, to which Krylov ironically replied that he had said this "to that gentleman on the stage that prevents me from listening to you [my neighbor]."
The case that occurred afterdeath of the author. Paying tribute to Krylov, Count Orlov, who was the second person after the emperor, personally carried the coffin of the fabulist with ordinary students, up to the funeral cart.
