What are the suggestions for the purpose of the statement? The purpose and intonation of the utterance. Examples of sentences on the purpose of the utterance

It is known that, depending on howpronounces or what purpose the speaker pursues, sentences in Russian are able to convey a completely different meaning. For example, intonation and the purpose of an utterance in the syntactic structure "what is this" can mean:

• indignation - "what is it!", conveying the indignation of the speaker about what is happening;
• The question is "what is this?", which requires explanation.

Speaking in different words, the speaker can also convey his subjective attitude to information.

Depending on what are the objectives of the statement, the proposals are divided into narrative, interrogative and motivational.

Concept of the sentence

A sentence is a syntactic unit,characterized by its completeness. In writing, the latter is transmitted using a point, an interrogative or exclamation point, and in the oral form - by intonation. Usually by the end of the statement, it goes down.

The words in the sentences are related togrammatically with the help of prepositions and endings, as well as meaning. In each complete syntactic construction there is a basis represented by its main members or one of them - subject and predicate, regardless of what the sentences for the purpose of the utterance are.

Examples:

• Mom is reading a book to her daughter. "Mom" is a subject, and "reads" is a predicate that conveys its action.

• In the street it is lightening. In this sentence there is only a predicate - "light."
• Winter. This construction consists only of the subject.

Depending on what the statements should be, their purpose can be to convey a message, question or motivation.

Narrative sentences

This is the most common form of syntactic constructions, although it should be remembered that a narrative sentence, spoken with another intonation, can go into the category of motivation or question.

These kinds of syntactic constructions represent reports about occurring phenomena, facts or events, both confirmed and denied. For example:

• The past day left a painful memory of himself. In this example, the purpose of information is the transmission of a negative attitude to the event.

• My sister waited on the bench, while I vigorously didcharging after a long run. In this design, information is transmitted in two related sentences, reporting actions that occur and having a neutral-positive color.

Usually the statements, the purpose of which is the submission of information, end in writing with a dot, and in oral form with a decrease in the intonation of the voice.

Incentive Expressions

Depending on what kind of sentences for the purposestatements are used by the author, they can either induce to action, or pass advice or recommendation, and in this case will be called motivating.

In similar syntactic constructions, the motivation for action is realized by means of verbs in the imperative mood or special particles, such as "let, let", "come on", "nu-ka" and others.

The motivations for the purpose of the utterance (examples below) may end with an exclamation point as well as a point. Depending on the intonation, they express:

• Plea - "Please, let me go."
• Request - "Give me water."

• Order - "Get out of here!".
• Wish - "Be healthy!".
• The advice is "Get your dog."

Saying such statements, the purpose of which is to push to action, the author influences the further accomplishment of actions and the development of events.

Interrogative proposals

When a person wants to clarify something or find out,he asks a question. Depending on what sentences on the purpose of the statement are used and what the expected answer will be, they are divided into:

• General interrogative syntactic constructions,whose task is to get a negative (no), positive (yes) or neutral (I do not know, maybe) the answer for any information. For example: "Have you already had lunch?", "Is the lilac growing in this garden?"
• Private requests thatare directed to a certain person to receive additional information about him, the nature of the object or the circumstances of the action, for example: "What time do you need to be in the field?", "When will it get warmer?".

In these types of proposals there is always a question that requires a specific answer.

Types of Question Requests

These types of structures can also differ in nature, for example:

• actually interrogative and necessarily demand an answer, as it clarifies the information unknown to the author: "Where does this tram go?";

• affirmative questions demanding to confirm the data already mentioned in it: "He is not special?";
• negative constructs, in which they express the negation already laid down in the question: "And why did I need this?";
• incentive, whose task is to push the interlocutor or himself to action: "Maybe we'll see before the movie's sleep?";
• rhetorical questions that do not require an obligatory answer: "Who does not go to plunge into the water in a hot season?".

Depending on what are the goalsstatements of interrogative sentences, they are transmitted on the letter with the help of a question mark, and in oral speech by intonation. In similar syntactic constructions words with interrogative meaning are often used, for example, "why", "why", "than", "how," and others.

Exclamation sentences

This kind of syntactic constructions depends on the intonation with which utterances are uttered. The goal is to convey the feelings that cause certain events or actions. They are divided into:

• narrative-exclamation sentences, for example "The first snow fell - how beautiful it is on the street!";

• interrogative and exclamatory - "Do not you understand from the first time?";
• incentive-exclamation constructions - "Give me back my book!".

From what the purpose of the utterance and intonation depends, the punctuation marks in them depend.

Allocation of sentences in written speech

If in oral speech in such constructions intonation indicates their purpose, then on the letter it is a point, a question or exclamation mark.

• In the narrative, non-exculpatory sentences, there is always a dot in the end: "I came home tired."
• If the statement is narrative,stimulating or interrogative, but with an intonation of exclamation, then an exclamation mark is placed in it, sometimes there are 3 of them, or it can stand after the interrogative. For example: "And Ivan-Tsarevich went to see the eyes!", "Beware!", "Are you out of your mind ?!"

• When the incentive proposal is non-exculpatory, then at the end it is put a period: "Go home."
• If the statement with a hint of incompleteness, it ends with an ellipsis: "I came back from a long voyage, and what's next? ..", "Sadness, sadness, I got bitten ..."

To put correctly punctuation marks, it is necessary to determine which type of sentence the sentence belongs to and what its intonation is.