Confronting the American carrier groupswas the main task of the Soviet Navy immediately after the end of the Great Patriotic War. It was for this purpose that the "killers" of aircraft carriers began to be created - Soviet highly specialized submarines of the project "Antey 949A".
In the 1960s Soviet designers workedover two projects interconnected with each other. OKB-52 officers were engaged in a new missile anti-ship complex, designed to destroy enemy ship formations, and the workers of the Central Design Bureau "Rubin" designed an underwater third-generation missile carrier. It was later planned to be used as a carrier for a new missile system. The military needed both a powerful and very effective means capable of destroying enemy naval groups, as well as in a submarine with high levels of stealth and depth of immersion. In the future, after upgrading a number of submarines, these qualities will be united in submarines of the class "Antey".
In 1969, the Navy assigned Soviet designers the task of creating a new submarine. The missile transported by it must meet the following requirements:
Since in most cases the echelonthe air defense of the enemy breaks through a "flock" of two dozen missiles, the Soviet military were interested in the possibility of shooting at a volley. According to the developers, to achieve the effectiveness of anti-ship missiles, in addition to high speed and large mass of combat units, it is necessary to equip them with reliable systems that provide target designation and reconnaissance.
With the help of this world's first Soviet space system, surface objects were identified and monitored. "Success" had the following advantages:
Target designations came to bearers of weapons and tocommand points. Manufacture of nuclear submarines was carried out by workers of the Northern Machine Building Enterprise. In 1980, under the project 949, the first nuclear submarine Arkhangelsk was ready, and in 1983 Murmansk.
After the successful completion of the project "Granite"The design work was carried out according to a more refined design. In the documentation it is listed as 949 A "Antey". The submarine, due to upgraded equipment and an additional compartment, had improved internal layout, increased length and displacement. In addition, the developers were able to increase the readings of stealth of this submarine.
At the very beginning it was planned to releasetwenty units of nuclear submarines under the project "Antey". Submarine K-148 "Krasnodar" is considered to be the very first submarine of this class. It was launched in 1986. Soon the submarine was ready for the K-173 "Krasnoyarsk". At the moment, these submarines are in a state of disposal. Despite the planned production by the Soviet leadership of twenty submarines, only eleven units were produced under the Antey project. Submarine K-141 "Kursk" of 1994 release was sunk in August 2000.
At the moment, the following nuclear submarines of the Antey class are in service with the Russian Navy:
Another submarine K-135 Volgograd, created under the 949 Project Antaeus, is currently under conservation. A K-139 "Belgorod" will be completed already on the project 09852.
Submarines of the type "Antey" have a two-hullscheme: a light external hydrodynamic body of cylindrical shape surrounds the inner, which differs from the outer by high strength. The thickness of its walls exceeds 6 cm. Due to this two-hulled architecture, nuclear submarines have the following advantages:
The hull of nuclear submarines consists of the following departments:
In the event of an accident, an atomic submarineis equipped with two zones (fore and forage) in which the crew can wait for salvation. The crew consists of 130 people. According to other data, the number does not exceed 112. In autonomous mode, the submarine can stay no more than 120 days.
Block nuclear submarine nuclear submarine consists of two nuclear reactorsOK-650B and two steam turbines OK-9. Their capacity is 98 thousand liters. from. They work at the expense of crest screws using gears. The submarine has two additional diesel generators DG-190 with a capacity of not less than 8 thousand 700 liters. from.
For the "Antey" nuclear submarine there are hydroacousticMGC-540 Scat-3 complexes and systems providing space reconnaissance, target designation and combat control of the submarine. The information received by the satellite or plane, arrives in the submarine with the help of special antennas. In addition, submarines of the class "Antey" are equipped with a towed antenna "Zubatka".
Its location is a sternstabilizer. Buoy type antenna "Zubatka" is intended for receiving radio messages and signals by a boat staying at a very deep depth or under a thick layer of ice.
Navigation in a submarine providesspecial complex "Symphony-U". High accuracy, long range of action and the volume of processed information are characteristic features of this navigation complex.
Armament of the Antey type nuclear submarine is represented by two types:
As many Russian experts note, the submarinetype "Antey" in its effectiveness - the most preferred means of dealing with enemy aircraft carriers. In 1980, the cost of manufacturing one submarine did not exceed 227 million rubles (only 10% of the price of the American "Roosevelt"). But the effectiveness of the Soviet nuclear submarine turned out to be very high: Antey represents a danger to the aircraft carrier and the ships accompanying it. According to other experts, the effectiveness of the Antieves is overstated. This is due to the fact that nuclear submarines are ships with narrow specialization. In this regard, they can not fully counter multi-purpose aircraft carriers.
Today, the development of the 1980s is considered quite outdated. In this regard, in 2011 it was decided to replace the Granit-700 missile system with more modern Onyx and Caliber missiles.
This will allow Antey to become a universal tool for solving a variety of tasks.
